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Papers referenced in the video:
Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Factors on Life Expectancies in the US Population https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29712712/
Association of dietary quality indices with glycemic status in korean patients with type 2 diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23908976/
Plasma metabolites of a healthy lifestyle in relation to mortality and longevity: Four prospective US cohort studies https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366602/
Michael Lustgarten 
Hi Mike,
Enjoyed seeing you on the Siim Land Podcast. I learn something every time I ear you. Like yourself, I am a regular consumer of sardines. Generally the pilchard type from Morroco, which I believe is the same as Crown Prince. Do you have any concerns about heavy metals? Do you regularly test for them? Do you think boneless and skinless are lower than whole fish?
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Hi Ron, and thanks. While heavy metals aren’t currently a concern (there’s no pattern in the biomarkers, i.e. inflammation, poor kidney function), direct quantification is on the to-do list. I’m not sure if the boneless and skinless are lower than the whole fish-is that data published?
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Hi Mike,
Consumer labs did a study a few years back and found significant levels of cadmium and arsenic in sardines. Harvest region had a big impact.
From having read numerous consumption advisories I’m aware that many POPs, (persistent organic pollutants), tend to collect in fish bellies and skin, particularly in fatty fish. I would assume this holds true with sardines.
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Gotcha, thanks Ron. That link is here: https://www.consumerlab.com/news/best-and-worst-tuna-salmon-sardines/07-10-2020/
Arsenic was relatively high in sardines, 2ppm, which translates into 2 mg/kg. For comparison, an apple can have 4ppm arsenic…
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I have heard apple juice can be high but not apples.
“On average, an apple contains about 0.21 micrograms of arsenic, which is 1/62 of the daily quota for inorganic arsenic. Apples can absorb arsenic from the soil or from pesticides used in the past.”
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Thanks Ron. That’s form Quora, but without a reference. I’ve searched PubMed for more official data, with no luck (so far).
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Arsenic does not accumulate in the body like other heavy metals tend to do. Even nanograms of mercury and cadmium will cause damage. Arsenic on the other hand actually can have a hormetic effect at extermely low concentrations.
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